USMLE Forum Archives - USMLE Step 3 - Pr med: Pneumococcal Vaccine
Pr med: Pneumococcal Vaccine
meduploader - 05-16-09 13:32
Two types
Pneumococcal Conjugate vaccine ( 7 valent – PCV7) – pediatric vaccine, given to infants and toddlers < 2 yrs of age)
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide vaccine ( 23 valent vaccine - PPV) à Adult vaccine, given to adult children > 2yrs of age and adults with certain chronic illnesses)
Pneumococcal vaccine is indicated because it can reduce common Streptococcus Pneumoniae infections (age <6)
Community acquired Pneumonia
Otitis media
Bacterial Meningitis
Prevents Streptococcus bacteremia
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
Infants and Children Under 2 Years of Age
PCV is given as a series of 4 doses, one dose at each of these ages: 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and 12-15 months
Children who miss their vaccines at these ages should still get the vaccine. The number of doses and the intervals between doses will depend on the child’s age.
Children 2 through 4 Years of Age
Healthy children between their 2 through 4 years of age who have not completed the PCV series should get 1 dose.
Children with medical conditions such as:
sickle cell disease
Asplenia,
Cochlear implants,
HIV/AIDS or other diseases that affect the immune system (such as diabetes, cancer, or liver disease)
chronic heart or lung disease
children on immunosuprressive medications such as chemotherapy or steroids
IN THESE CHILDREN, GIVE 2 DOSES 2 MONTHS APART IF THEY HAVE NOT COMPLETED THE FOUR DOSE SERIES.
Age 5 years or older à this vaccination not recommended
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
Children under < 2yrs of age may not respond to this vaccine – so, not used.
Indications:
All adults 65 years of age or older.
Anyone over 2 years of age who have chronic illness : heart disease, lung disease, sickle cell disease, diabetes, alcoholism, cirrhosis
Anyone over 2 years of age with immunosuppressive disease/ condition: Hodgkin’s disease, lymphoma, leukemia, kidney failure, multiple myeloma, nephrotic syndrome, HIV infection or AIDS, damaged spleen, or no spleen, organ transplant
Anyone over 2 years of age taking immunosuppressive therapy long-term steroids, certain cancer drug, radiation therapy
Alaskan Natives and certain Native American populations.
One dose of PPV is sufficient. However, in some classes two doses recommended
Pregnancy ? à the safety of pneumococcal vaccine in pregnancy not established. Women who are at risk for this infection should get vaccinated prior to their pregnancy.
PPV – Repeat Dose
One dose of PPV is sufficient. In some conditions, a second dose is indicated :
For those people aged 65 and older who got their first dose when they were under 65, if 5 or more years have passed since that dose.
A second dose is also recommended for people who:
have a damaged spleen or no spleen
have sickle-cell disease
have HIV infection or AIDS
have cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma
have kidney failure
have nephrotic syndrome
have had an organ or bone marrow transplant
are taking medication that lowers immunity (such as chemotherapy or long-term steroids)
In Children 10 years old and younger, give this second dose 3 years after the first dose. If older than 10, give it 5 years after the first dose.
meduploader - 05-16-09 13:32
Two types
Pneumococcal Conjugate vaccine ( 7 valent – PCV7) – pediatric vaccine, given to infants and toddlers < 2 yrs of age)
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide vaccine ( 23 valent vaccine - PPV) à Adult vaccine, given to adult children > 2yrs of age and adults with certain chronic illnesses)
Pneumococcal vaccine is indicated because it can reduce common Streptococcus Pneumoniae infections (age <6)
Community acquired Pneumonia
Otitis media
Bacterial Meningitis
Prevents Streptococcus bacteremia
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
Infants and Children Under 2 Years of Age
PCV is given as a series of 4 doses, one dose at each of these ages: 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and 12-15 months
Children who miss their vaccines at these ages should still get the vaccine. The number of doses and the intervals between doses will depend on the child’s age.
Children 2 through 4 Years of Age
Healthy children between their 2 through 4 years of age who have not completed the PCV series should get 1 dose.
Children with medical conditions such as:
sickle cell disease
Asplenia,
Cochlear implants,
HIV/AIDS or other diseases that affect the immune system (such as diabetes, cancer, or liver disease)
chronic heart or lung disease
children on immunosuprressive medications such as chemotherapy or steroids
IN THESE CHILDREN, GIVE 2 DOSES 2 MONTHS APART IF THEY HAVE NOT COMPLETED THE FOUR DOSE SERIES.
Age 5 years or older à this vaccination not recommended
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
Children under < 2yrs of age may not respond to this vaccine – so, not used.
Indications:
All adults 65 years of age or older.
Anyone over 2 years of age who have chronic illness : heart disease, lung disease, sickle cell disease, diabetes, alcoholism, cirrhosis
Anyone over 2 years of age with immunosuppressive disease/ condition: Hodgkin’s disease, lymphoma, leukemia, kidney failure, multiple myeloma, nephrotic syndrome, HIV infection or AIDS, damaged spleen, or no spleen, organ transplant
Anyone over 2 years of age taking immunosuppressive therapy long-term steroids, certain cancer drug, radiation therapy
Alaskan Natives and certain Native American populations.
One dose of PPV is sufficient. However, in some classes two doses recommended
Pregnancy ? à the safety of pneumococcal vaccine in pregnancy not established. Women who are at risk for this infection should get vaccinated prior to their pregnancy.
PPV – Repeat Dose
One dose of PPV is sufficient. In some conditions, a second dose is indicated :
For those people aged 65 and older who got their first dose when they were under 65, if 5 or more years have passed since that dose.
A second dose is also recommended for people who:
have a damaged spleen or no spleen
have sickle-cell disease
have HIV infection or AIDS
have cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma
have kidney failure
have nephrotic syndrome
have had an organ or bone marrow transplant
are taking medication that lowers immunity (such as chemotherapy or long-term steroids)
In Children 10 years old and younger, give this second dose 3 years after the first dose. If older than 10, give it 5 years after the first dose.
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Re: Pr med: Pneumococcal Vaccine mtniharika - 10-05-09 15:05 CONTRAINDICATIONS:
For both PPSV23 and PCV7, persons who had a severe allergic reaction to one dose should not receive another (such reactions are rare).
Persons who are moderately or severely ill should wait until their condition improves to be vaccinated.
SIDE-EFFECTS:
PPSV23 and PCV7 are both very safe vaccines.
For PPSV23, about 30%-50% of the people who get the vaccine have very mild side effects, such as redness or pain where the shot was given. Fewer than 1% of recipients develop a fever, muscle aches, or more severe local reactions. Serious allergic reactions have been reported very rarely. For PCV7, about 10%-20% of children develop redness, tenderness, or swelling where the shot was given. About 11% may have a mild fever.
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